Lock-washer.



J. B. ROSS.

LOCK WASHER. APPLIUATION FILED TIAN. 21, 190B.

Patentd Nov. 3, 1908.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

v BY fioumdd om%fiqww,

ATTORNEYS WITNESSES: I

' Q T Wfl J. B. ROSS.

LOOK WASHER.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 21, 1908.

993,109. Patented Nov. 3, 1908.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

- WITNESSES: INVENTOR.

"J% J0 B. 1355 M ATTORNEYS I UNITED srnrn s r rnnr OFFICE.

JOHN B. ROSS, OF RAHWAY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE POSITIVE LOCK WASHER COM- PANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

LOCK-WASHER.

Specification of Lettersfatent.

Patented Nov. 3, 1908.

Application filed January 21, 1908. Serial No. 411,970.

4 Io'aZl uhom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JoHN 13. Ross, a citiway, in the county of Union. and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Lock-\Vashers; and- I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, .reference being hadto the accompanying drawings, and to characters of reference marked thereon, which. form a part of this specification.

This invention has reference, generally, to improvements in nut-looks; and the present invention relates, more particularly, to a novel. lock-washer for bolts and nuts of the various kinds, the lock-washer being split and formed with tapering ends terminating each with a spur or holding element.

My present invention has for its principal object to provide'a simply constructed and effectively operating lock-washer of the general character hereinafter set forth, in which the stock or main body of the washer is made wedge-shaped or key-stone shaped in cross-section, with the greatest width of the wedge or key-stone located directly across the outer peripheral surface of the washer,

and its narrowest width being at the inner peripheral surface of the washer, so as to cause a perfect and more positive holding or biting relation of the washer itself, aside from that of the spurs at the ends, with the surfaces of the nuts or other parts against which the lock-washers are arranged.

A further object of this invention is to provide a novel form of lock-washer in which the greatest holding or .binding portion of. the washer is located at its marginal edges which bound the outer peripheral surface of the washer, so as to be located at the points farthest away from the center point of the washer, so as to. provide a greater resistance to the turning of the washer upon the shank of the bolt and to the unscrewing of the nut from said bolt, whereby the loosening and final loss of the nut is obviated.

Other objects of this invention not at this time more particularly enumerated will be clearly understood from the following detailed description of my present invention. The. invention consists, therefore, in the novel lock-washer hereinafter more particuthe clauses of the claims which are appended to and which form an essential part of this specification.

The invention is clearly illustrated in the accompanying drawings. in which Figure l a plan view of my novel form of lock-washer; Fig. is aside view of the same; and Fig. 3 is a transverse section of the washer, said section being taken centrally across the washer, through the body at one side and through the split portion directly opposite. Fig. 4 is an elevation of a bolt and nut, and portions of two pieces of metal which are to be secured upon each other by means of the bolt and nut, said view showing also in side elevation the normal arrangement of the lock-washer placed upon the bolt between one of the pieces of metal and the nut, that the barbs or spurs upon the tapering ends of the washer are free to vibrate ,so as to force themselves deeply into the nut and the metal backing. Fig. 5 is a similar view of the various parts represented in said Fig. 4, the nut and metal backing being partly shown in section, and illustrating the respective barbs or spurs deeply embeddedin the nut and in said metal backing. Fig. 6 is a diagrammatical sectional representation of the said lock-washer to illustrate more clearly the points of contact between the sides of the washer with the nut and metal-backing, so as to produce the greatest-holding or biting relation, during vibration, between the washer, and the nut and metal backing.

Similar characters of reference are employed in all of the above described views, to indicate corresponding parts.

Referring now to the drawings, the reference-character 1 indicates the lock-washer proper, the same being preferably made of spring-steel properlytempered, but being split across one of its portions so as to provide a helically formed ring-like body, having the two free ends 2 and 3, substantially as illustrated.

The free ends 2 and 3 are respectively provided with integral barbs or spurs at and 5, which are of such angular configuration that the nut can be rotated with comparative ease and freedom over the barb or spur while being screwed upon the bolt.

The reference-character 6 indicates a bolt, 7 the nut screwed thereon, and 8 a metal or manner,illustrated insaid Figs. 4 and 50f As will. be seen, more""particularly from aninspection of said Fig. 3 of the drawmgsy- I the cross-section of the stock or body from which the l oclr-w,asher is madeiis that of a wedge or key-stone having its widest part, at

5), upon the outer peripheralisurface of the washer, illHl ltS narrowest part, at 10, upon mthe innenperipheral surface of the washer,

,sothat the ;opposite faces 11 of the washer willi taper inwardly, substantially as indicated in said Fig. 3 and in Fig-6 of the (h'mvings'gi The result and purpose of this wedge-shaped o'r key-stone shaped arrangefinilentwillbe clearly understood fro n an in- 1 20,.n1jarginaledges 12 and 13 of the lock-washer the extreme outer therebybeingv, made to respectively rest iagai-nstla ndbind upon the faces of the nut 7 and; the banking 8; ,At the same time the engagenient between the Variousparts taking place, at :p'oints. farthest away from the cenv ter offthe washer, or from the central axis of the bolt, the uresisting power of the washer and .nut; turning loose is greatest at these points, so'thatia more. perfect and more pusi-' lively-holdinglock-washer is the result, all

-, of',\vhicl i;-will be clearly evident from an in- The free tapered so spection of the drawings.

j nds of the washer are slightly to give, them sufiici'ent elastic ity; when 1 compressed in the .manner illus-' trated in l ig. of the drawings. The construjctionaof "the lock-washer such that the body ofthe washer carries the load of com jpression, while theqtapered ends are relieved andathe-spring' is constant in opposite directions. I ing will force-thebarbs or spurs, wh1ch pro- ZThe -vibi'ations of the nut and backjecttii-rppposite directions so that a directacti v g faces 13 secured, deeply into the nut and the backing, thereby insurlnga positive action g engageinent-with the adjoining surand locking of the parts in contact.

.-.-'l he tapered opposite faces 11, and the tapering ends of the washer adapt it for use in all places-where close work is required,

y that is,-in; all places where the parts to be secured are confined to .a limited space.

-,lhese.features with the sharp barbs or spurs Fwhich extend approximately at right angles washeigcaife used "jointly to secure the best results sclesired; and, the barbs or spurs be 'fromqthe tapered ends ofthe body of the ing tempered and sharptheywill readily embedthemselvesin the softer metalof the ,nut and the-adjoining surface or backing,

' andtthereby form a perfect'andpositive lock i which ,Wlll' fmof the nut.'

prevent the accidental loosening The lock-washer is also reversible, as will ing usually arranged upon the bolt 6, in the I "i ,Fr, T belclearlyevident, and Fcan be used over and over many times. The invention is admirably adapted for; use on .railwayyrailal droppresses, automobiles, and machinery and vehicles of the various kinds which are subject to vibration, and the lock-washer can be made in .various sizes so as to be adapted for use with boltsiand nuts of the various kinds and sizes. j'

I claim:

1. As a new article of manufacture, asplit washer having a tapering end, said, washer having a body whose cross-section is" that of a keystone, having its widestlportionupon the outer peripheral surface of the Washer,

peripheral surface of the washer, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. As a new articleof manufacture,a split washer having a tapering end provided with a spur, said washer. having a bodywhose cross-section isthatof a key-stone, having itswidcst portion upon the outer "peripheral surface of the washer, and its narrowest portion upon the inner peripheral. surface of the washer, substantially as andffor the purposes set forth.

3. As a new article of manufacturefisplit washer having tapering ends, ""aifd'a spur upon each end, said washer ha ving-fa body whose cross-section is that of a jkey-s'tone, having its widest portion upon the outer peripheral surface of thewashe'r, iandf itsnarrowest portion upon the inner; peripheral surface of the washer, substantially,- for'thepurposes set forth.

4. As a new article of manufacture, a'split -wa-sher comprising a helically bentfbody having a, taperingend provided with a spur, said washer having a body whose cross-sec tion is that of a keystone, having its widest portion upon the outer peripheral surface of the washer, and its narrowest portion upon the inner peripheral surface of the washer, substantially as and for" the purposes set forth.

5. As a new article of manufacture,asplit washer comprising a helically bent body having tapering ends, and aspur upon each end, said washer having a body whoseicross section is that of a key-stone, having its widest portion upon the outer peripheral surface ofthe washer," upon the inner peripheral surface of the washer, substantially'as and for the purposes set forth. 1

set forth above I have hereunto set myh d this 17th day f Ja n u v Funk. 0. FRAEivrznL, AN A H..AL YR. i

and its narrowest portion upon the inner and its narrowest portion Intestimony, that Ifclaiintheinveiltion 

